↑Colin Imber, "The Legend of Osman Gazi". Elizabeth A. Zachariadou (ed.), The Ottoman Emirate (1300-1389). Halcyon Days in Crete, A Symposium Held in Rethymnon. 1994, ISBN 960-7309-58-8, p. 72
↑ abHalil İnalcık, "The Struggle Between Osman Gazi and The Byzantines For Nicaea", Isıl Akbaygil, Halil İnalcık, Oktay Aslanapa (ed.), İznik: Throughout History, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, ISBN 975-458-431-1, 2003, pp. 61-62, 70.Archivado el 24 de septiembre de 2015 en Wayback Machine. in İnalcık's personal website.